Icandelo leeTapile laseArmenia: Iifama ezincinci, iindleko eziphezulu, kunye nomngeni wokuphucula imveliso

Icandelo leetapile laseArmenia libonisa umxube ontsonkothileyo wesithethe, ukuqina, kunye nemida yesakhiwo. Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zokulima ezinkulu ezibonwa kumazwe amaninzi, ezolimo zaseArmenia zilawulwa ziifama ezincinci, apho neehektare ezili-10 zithathwa njengomsebenzi oqinileyo.

Ngokutsho komlimi onamava nomnye wabaqalisi bokuqala bokuvelisa iitapile kweli lizwe, iifama ezingaphezu kweehektare ezili-100 azixhaphakanga kwaye zimele imisebenzi emikhulu eArmenia.

Ukuqhekeka: Ilifa lesakhiwo

Ingcambu yale sakhiwo ikwinguqu yomhlaba emva kweSoviet. Emva kokuwa kweefama ezidibeneyo, umhlaba wahlulwahlulwa waba ziziqwenga ezincinci:

• Ihektare eyi-0.5 ukuya kwi-1 ngomnini ngamnye
• Ayifane ibe ngaphezulu kweehektare ezi-2 kwikhaya ngalinye

Nangona oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba ubanzi, kukwadale nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwexesha elide. Amasimi awayekade edityanisiwe ngoku ahlulwe abe ziziza ezincinci ezininzi, ezihlala zahlulwe ziindlela nemida.

Imizamo yokudibanisa umhlaba okanye ukwakha ii-cooperatives ijongene nokuchaswa kwenkcubeko. Abalimi banamathele kakhulu kumhlaba wabo kwaye abafuni ukuthengisa okanye bayeke:

"Abantu baseArmenia bayawuthanda umhlaba wabo — abawuthengisi, nokuba uhlala ungasetyenziswa."

Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlanganiswa komhlaba kulindeleke ukuba kuthathe amashumi eminyaka, mhlawumbi iminyaka engama-20-30 ngaphambi kokuba iifama zifikelele kwiihektare ezingama-200 nangaphezulu.

Ukuveliswa kweMbewu njengeShishini eliPhambili

Nangona kukho imingeni yesakhiwo, amanye amafama aphuhlise iimodeli zoshishino eziphambili. Umlimi odliwanondlebe naye uqhuba ishishini eligxile kwimbewu elasekwa ngo-2003, elinale:

• Iihektare ezingama-70–100 ezityalwayo (kuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka)
• Umthamo wokugcina ukuya kuthi ga kwiitoni ezingama-3,000
• Ukuthengwa kwembewu ngonyaka kweetoni ezingama-200–250

Eyona nto iphambili kukuvelisa iitapile zembewu, ukusebenzisana namaqabane aphesheya kunye nokuthenga izinto ezivela eYurophu naseScotland.

Eyona nto iphambili kwimarike kukufunwa kweentlobo zokuqala. Umlimi ubonelela ngeetoni zembewu yetapile ezifikelela kwi-1,000 ngonyaka kubalimi baseArarat Valley, apho imveliso yokuqala ijoliswe ekufumaneni iitapile ezintsha kwimarike.

Ukujikeleza kwezityalo kunye nokulima

Ujikeleziso lwezityalo lulawulwa ngokungqongqo:

• Iitapile azityalwa kwintsimi enye ngokulandelelana
• Umjikelo oqhelekileyo uquka iminyaka emibini yokutya okuziinkozo (ingqolowa okanye irhasi) ngaphambi kokuba kubuyelwe kwiitapile.

Le ndlela inceda ekugcineni impilo yomhlaba kwaye inciphise uxinzelelo lwezifo — ibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa imbewu.

Imingeni ephambili: Ukwenziwa kweemashini kunye nabasebenzi

Eyona miqobo mikhulu ejongene nokulima iitapile eArmenia zezi:

1. Oomatshini Abaphelelwe Yixesha

Uninzi lweli candelo luxhomekeke kwizixhobo ezindala kunye nomsebenzi wezandla, nto leyo enyusa kakhulu iindleko zemveliso. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukukhuphisana namazwe angabamelwane afana neTurkey ne-Iran.

2. Ukunqongophala kobuchule botyalo-mali

Abalimi badla ngokuswela imali yokutyala imali kwiimatshini zanamhlanje. Inkxaso karhulumente ibonwa njengebalulekileyo ukuze kubekho uphuculo lwetekhnoloji.

3. Ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi

Kukho ukunqongophala okukhulayo kwabasebenzi bezolimo, njengoko abantu abaninzi befudukela ezidolophini ukuze bafumane imisebenzi ehlawula ngcono. Iindleko zabasebenzi bexesha elithile ziyanda, zifikelela kwi-$20 ngosuku.

Ukugcinwa kunye nokuQhelaniswa neMarike

Kutshanje ifama ityale imali kwiindawo zokugcina iitapile zanamhlanje, nto leyo evumela ukuba kugcinwe iitoni ezili-1,000 zeetapile emva kokuvuna. Oku kuphucula ukuguquguquka kokuthengisa kwaye kunciphisa ilahleko emva kokuvuna.

Iimfuno zemarike nazo ziyatshintsha. Umgangatho uye waba yinto ephambili, ingakumbi ngenxa yendima ekhulayo yeevenkile ezinkulu:

"Ukuba umgangatho awulungile, abayi kuthenga."

Olu tshintsho lukhuthaza abalimi ukuba bagxile kungekuphela nje kwisivuno kodwa nakwindlela efanayo, inkangeleko, kunye nokusebenza kokugcinwa.

Isakhono esingafakwanga

Nangona kukho imingeni, iArmenia inamandla amakhulu okukhula kwezolimo. Amasimi amakhulu embali asekhona kodwa aqhekekile. Ngotyalo-mali olufanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa koomatshini, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo, eli candelo linokunyusa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokukhuphisana.

Nangona kunjalo, inkqubela phambili ayixhomekekanga kuphela kuqoqosho kodwa nakwinguqu yenkcubeko - ngakumbi isimo sengqondo malunga nobunini bomhlaba kunye nentsebenziswano.

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isiphelo

Icandelo leetapile laseArmenia limi kwindawo edibana kuyo iinqanawa. Kwelinye icala, kukho ulwazi olunzulu lwezolimo, amandla okuvelisa imbewu aqinileyo, kunye nemfuno yemarike. Kwelinye icala, ukwahlulwahlulwa, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi, kunye nokusetyenziswa oomatshini abambalwa kuyaqhubeka nokuthintela ukukhula.

Ikamva leshishini liza kuxhomekeka ekubeni ezi zithintelo zesakhiwo zingasonjululwa na — ngenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo, utyalo-mali, kunye notshintsho oluhamba kancinci kwindlela yokusebenza kwezolimo.